Galileo's Sidereus nuncius or The Sidereal messenger is available in translation by A.The site provides historical background and technical details. It has images of the Sun, Moon, Venus, stars and nebulae. Afocal CCD Images Through a Galilean Telescope is an excellent resource that provides CCD images that approximate what the human eye would see through a Galilean telescope.They also have an excellent new site: Galileo's Telescope, the Instrument that Changed the World. Much of it is in English although some sections, including an excellent simulation of early telescopes, is only available in Italian at present. The Institute and Museum of the History of Science in Florence has a wealth of detail on the history of astronomy including Galileo's work.There are some animations of his experiments. It has a wealth of diagrams matched with clear. Another worthwhile site is The Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective.It is also the source for the image of Galileo at the top of this page. It is hosted by Rice University and includes his writings, details on his experiments and observations and links. An excellent online source for all things related to Galileo is: The Galileo Project.More stars are resolved in this drawing by Galileo of the Pleiades than are visible to the unaided eye. This posed the question as to why there were invisible objects in the night sky? On turning his telescope to the band of the Milky Way Galileo saw it resolved into thousands of hitherto unseen stars. This then eased the problem posed by the failure of astronomers to detect stellar parallax that was a consequence of Copernicus' model. Galileo suggested that this was due to their immense distance from Earth. Stars in the Milky WayĮven through a telescope the stars still appeared as points of light. It was not until 1656 that the Dutch scientist, Christiaan Huygens correctly described them as rings. Galileo noted two appendages from the sides of Saturn. Its blemishes and imperfections again undermined the Aristotelian ideal of a perfect cosmos. Galileo, in his Letters on Sunspots supported the sunspot interpretation and used it to show that the Sun was rotating. Debate centered on whether these were satellites of the Sun or actual spots on its surface. SunspotsĪlong with contemporaries such as Thomas Harriot, David Frabicius and Christoph Scheiner, Galileo observed dark regions that appeared to move across the surface of the Sun. Galileo rejected Tycho's model as an unnecessary hybrid and used the discovery to consolidate his support of the Copernican model. This could not be explained in the Ptolemaic model but could be accounted for by either the Sun-centered Copernican model or the Earth-centered Tychonic model that had the other planets orbiting the Sun as it orbited the Earth. Venus was observed to go through a sequence of phases similar to the Moon. Galileo's drawings of the moons of Jupiter of successive nights The Phases of Venus
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